Lingala emerged in the late 1800s along the Congo River as a creolized trade language, blending Bobangi and other riverine languages. It facilitated communication between diverse ethnic groups involved in river commerce and later became the language of the colonial Force Publique (military).
In the mid-20th century, Lingala became the dominant language of Congolese popular music. The evolution of rumba congolaise and soukous in Kinshasa and Brazzaville spread Lingala's influence across Africa. Artists sang of love, social issues, and daily life, making Lingala the language of African urban cool.
Lingala's association with the military during colonial times gave it official status and spread it beyond the Congo River basin. After independence, it became one of DR Congo's national languages and the primary language of the national army, further cementing its role in national identity.
Lingala is central to contemporary Congolese urban culture, including the famous "La Sape" (Society of Ambiance-Makers and Elegant People) movement. This cultural phenomenon, celebrating elegant fashion and lifestyle, uses Lingala to express Congolese creativity and resilience.